Commas are powerful punctuation tools. They help us pause, separate ideas, and avoid confusion. But too many commas? That’s like putting full stops after every word. It breaks the flow, distracts the reader, and often makes sentences harder to follow.
But we can fix that.
Why Do People Overuse Commas?
Most of us were taught to “pause where you breathe” when writing. While that tip might work for beginners, it doesn’t always follow grammatical rules. Writing is not the same as speaking—your breath isn’t the best grammar guide.
When Commas Are Actually Needed
- Separating items in a list:
I bought rice, beans, and tomatoes. - After an introductory word or phrase:
However, she changed her mind.
In the morning, we’ll go for a walk. - Before coordinating conjunctions (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) when joining two independent clauses:
She was tired, but she kept working. - To set off nonessential information:
My sister, who lives in Lagos, is visiting next week.
When Commas Are Not Needed
- Between subject and verb:
Wrong: The students, are ready.
Right: The students are ready. - Before or after “that” clauses:
Wrong: The book, that I borrowed, was new.
Right: The book that I borrowed was new. - In compound objects:
Wrong: I met my teacher, and my friend at the mall.
Right: I met my teacher and my friend at the mall. - Between two verbs or verb phrases:
Wrong: He opened the door, and walked in.
Right: He opened the door and walked in.
Rule of Thumb: Be Purposeful
Every comma must serve a reason. Ask yourself:
• Does this comma separate ideas clearly?
• Is it following a grammatical rule?
If the answer is “no,” delete it.
Practice Fix
Wrong: She picked up her bag, and left, the house, quickly.
Better: She picked up her bag and left the house quickly.
Final Word
Use commas like seasoning—just enough to enhance the flavor, not overpower the meal. Overusing commas is a common writing mistake, but with practice, you can master the rhythm and clarity they bring.